Approximate Global Prevalence of Genital Herpes Infections
According to recent statistics, approximately 846 million individuals aged 15 to 49 are currently affected by genital herpes. This figure accounts for over 20% of this demographic worldwide. Each second, one person – totaling around 42 million people annually – is believed to contract a fresh infection.
Impact and Symptoms of Genital Herpes
Very often, these infections manifest minimal or no symptoms. Nonetheless, certain individuals experience painful genital sores and blisters that can repeatedly surface, leading to significant discomfort and necessitating several healthcare visits. Reports suggest over 200 million individuals between ages 15 and 49 had at least one symptomatic episode in 2020.
Call for Enhanced Treatment Options
The study, featured in the “Sexually Transmitted Infections” journal, emphasizes the urgent need for new treatments and vaccines to mitigate the health challenges caused by the herpes virus and to manage its spread.
“Despite most experiencing few symptoms, genital herpes still causes both physical and emotional distress for millions and is a burden on healthcare systems already stretched thin,” commented Dr. Meg Doherty, WHO’s Director of Global HIV, Hepatitis, and STD Programs. “Innovative prevention and treatment strategies are crucial for reducing herpes transmission and play a role in decreasing HIV spread.”
Current Treatments and Complications
There is presently no cure for herpes, but treatments are available to alleviate symptoms. Besides sores, genital herpes can occasionally result in severe complications, including neonatal herpes, a condition likely when a mother contracts the virus late in pregnancy and passes it to her infant during birth.
There are two main types of the herpes simplex virus (HSV): HSV-1 and HSV-2, both responsible for genital herpes cases. Data from 2020 estimated 520 million people were infected with genital HSV-2, predominantly through sexual contact. Public health experts view HSV-2 as particularly concerning as it is prone to cause recurrent outbreaks, accounts for about 90% of symptomatic incidences, and increases HIV risk three-fold.
Differentiating HSV Types
Unlike HSV-2, HSV-1 often transmits during childhood via saliva or skin contact, resulting in oral herpes with symptoms like cold sores. However, HSV-1 can become a genital infection when transmitted through sexual interaction during adolescence or adulthood. It is estimated 376 million people dealt with genital HSV-1 in 2020, with 50 million also contracting HSV-2, as both viruses can co-occur.
Changing Patterns and Stigmatization
Recent data show genital HSV-2 levels remain similar to 2016, whereas genital HSV-1 infections have risen, showing shifting transmission patterns in several countries. Decreased childhood oral infections may be attributed to less overcrowded living and better hygiene, potentially increasing susceptibility at older ages.
Addressing Ignored Health Issue
Dr. Sami Gottlieb, an author of the study, underscored the need for discourse on genital herpes, stating, “This widespread infection demands more attention than it has received. Investing in the development and fair distribution of herpes vaccines and therapies could significantly enhance global quality of life.”
While not infallible, consistent condom use can decrease transmission risks. WHO recommends individuals with genital herpes symptoms undergo HIV testing and, if warranted, receive HIV prevention treatments.
WHO’s Strategic Approach
Aligning with its global health strategy for 2022-2030, WHO focuses on raising awareness of genital herpes, broadening access to antiviral drugs, and enhancing HIV preventative efforts while driving research into novel herpes prevention and control tools, including vaccines and topical treatments.
Financial Implications
A new study recently unveiled that beyond health impacts, genital herpes incurs immense financial burdens, costing an estimated $35 billion annually worldwide due to healthcare expenses and productivity loss.
The report titled “Estimated global and regional incidence and prevalence of herpes simplex virus infections and genital ulcer disease in 2020: Mathematical modelling analyses” updates prior WHO estimates. Conducted by experts from WHO and collaborating organizations, the research draws upon comprehensive reviews and meta-analyses of HSV prevalence to present global and regional estimates for 2020.